Plagiarism Detection and Handling Policy

The author assumes sole responsibility for the content, and all views expressed do not represent those of the publisher or this journal. Submissions must be unpublished, and this journal does not accept simultaneous submissions, including in any traditional or simplified Chinese publications. If a violation is found, the journal will not accept submissions from the offending author for three years.

For manuscripts considered for publication, this journal conducts a four-stage review process:
(a) Internal Review: The journal’s editors check whether the submission complies with the required paper format and standards.
(b) Preliminary Review: The manuscript is anonymized and submitted to the editorial committee to confirm that it meets the quality threshold for external review.
(c) External Review: At least two peer experts conduct anonymous reviews.
(d) Final Review: The editorial committee makes the final decision on publication.

The entire review process shall not exceed six months. No further notification will be made before the completion of the full review process. If no notice is received within six months from the confirmation of submission, the author is free to submit the manuscript elsewhere.

The evaluation of manuscripts is based solely on academic merit. This journal requires that the manuscript makes a substantive contribution to relevant theoretical frameworks or offers constructive interpretations in data collection and analysis. Priority is given to articles whose topics align with the journal’s founding mission.

If peer reviewers confirm that a manuscript contains improper citation amounting to academic plagiarism, this journal will, depending on the severity of the case, reject submissions from the same author for a period of three to five years.

Due to the time required for the review process, authors may submit only one manuscript at a time until the review process is completed. Furthermore, if an author has two manuscripts rejected within one year, this journal will not process any further submissions from that author for one year from the date of receipt of the second rejected manuscript.